Haiti: The time for action is now
October 4, 2005
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Haiti: The time for action is now

Congressional Black Caucus Foundation

Legislative Forum Panel

Presentation of Brian Concannon Jr. September 22, 2005

I would like to thank the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation for including this important discussion on its busy agenda. Even more, I would like to thank the members of the CBC and most especially the hosts of this panel for persistently keeping Haiti's poor on their agendas, and for their principled stands on behalf of democracy, sovereignty and justice in Haiti.

My remarks today will focus on the elections scheduled for this year and on U.S. support for those elections and for the Haitian police. In keeping with the panel's apt title that "The time for action is now," I will offer suggestions for actions, and anticipate events that will soon require action.

Haiti is in the midst of a comprehensive program of electoral cleansing. Its ballots are being cleansed of political dissidents, its voting rolls cleansed of the urban and rural poor. The streets are being cleansed of anti-government political activity. The cleansing violates the fundamental human rights guaranteed by the charters and other instruments of the OAS and the UN. It also violates the electoral standards that are applied to elections in other countries, and that were applied to elections run by Haiti's constitutional governments. The persecution and disenfranchisement of political opponents is being conducted openly, notoriously and under the eyes of the international community. The persecution is not the result of a government unable assure adequate security, but of a deliberate and multifaceted campaign against opponents by Haiti's Interim Government. This government's primary benefactor is the American taxpayer.

Brian Concannon (left) later responded to a barrage of disinformation (see below Part 2) by other members of the panel. Notably — interim U.S. Ambassador to Haiti, Timothy Carney.
Haiti's ballots have been cleansed by prohibiting or discouraging political opponents, especially supporters of the ousted constitutional government. In some cases this has been done by the application of rules that appear facially neutral, but have a disproportionate impact. For example, all Presidential candidates were equally required to register in person by last Thursday's deadline, but only Lavalas candidates could not meet this requirement because they were in jail. Rev. Gerard Jean-Juste, widely believed to be the most popular potential candidate, was arrested without a warrant two months ago yesterday. He has been held in jail since then on trumped-up charges, despite a call for his release by twenty-nine members of the U.S. House of Representatives led by Rep. Waters, a call which was echoed by Amnesty International, Human Rights First, and hundreds of religious, community and human rights leaders throughout the world.

Yvon Neptune, Haiti's last constitutional Prime Minister, has been in prison since May 2004. U.S. Ambassador James Foley, in his last address before leaving Haiti last month, called Mr. Neptune's detention "a violation of human rights, an injustice and an abuse of power." He aptly contrasted Prime Minister Neptune's treatment with the expedited release of death squad leader and convicted murderer Jodel Chamblain at the same time. Although formal charges were finally announced against Mr. Neptune on Monday, the charges are the fruit of a long process packed with irregularities.

Less prominent dissidents have been imprisoned explicitly for being "close to the former regime." All these arrests directly limit the arrestees' political activities, but more important, each political arrest dissuades many others from participating in politics.

While the most likely Presidential candidate has been excluded, an unlikely 54 candidates from 45 parties have filed. This is a sign not of broad confidence in the elections, but a broad belief that the vote may be so undemocratic that almost anyone might win. The announced candidates include top officials of past dictatorships, a paramilitary leader identified as a drug trafficker by the U.S., and an American citizen and Texas resident running despite bars in two independent clauses of the Constitution.

Haiti's electoral rolls have been cleansed by discouraging voters through political persecution and by imposing hurdles that disproportionately affect poorer Haitians. It is now towards the end of the third prolongation of the registration period, and despite substantial non-electoral incentives to register- registration has been declared necessary to obtain the national ID card required for passports and drivers licenses- only about 2.4 million of Haiti's 4.5 million eligible voters have registered.

Where Haiti's democratic governments provided over 10,000 voter registration offices and polling places for elections, the Interim Government is aspiring to 424. This figure is worth comparing to Los Angeles County, which also has elections scheduled for November. The County has a slightly larger population than Haiti, but only 37% of the land area, and infinitely better private and public transportation. The County expects to have about 4,400 polling places come November, over ten times what Haiti expects.

The insufficiency of polling and registration offices, like most burdens in Haiti, falls heaviest on the urban and rural poor. Although I do not have a current list of registration centers, by mid July, half-way through the registration period, there were three registration offices in Petionville, an upscale suburb, and three in the entire Central Plateau department, a large rural district. In July there were no registration offices in Cite Soleil, a poor, urban neighborhood of 300,000, and there are none today. There is currently one registration office in the large, poor neighborhood of Bel-Air.

Public spaces have also been cleansed of anti-government political activity through announced government policy and by brutal police attacks. On Saturday, the Interim Government issued an order prohibiting all demonstrations until October 2. This order is as unconstitutional in Haiti as it would be in the U.S. It is a general hindrance to organizing for the elections, but it is particularly targeted at a large demonstration previously announced by government critics for next Friday, September 30, to commemorate the anniversary of the first coup d'etat against President Aristide in 1991.

Over and over again the police respond to legal anti-government demonstrations with lethal force. On May 18, 2004 the police violently closed down a demonstration on the grounds that they had not been notified, a pretext they were forced to retract a few days later. On February 28 of this year, police shot into a peaceful demonstration in full view of the international press and United Nations Peacekeepers.

The August 20 soccer massacre in the Grande Ravine neighborhood is illustrative of both the Haitian police's brutality and the futility of trying to reform the Haitian government by feeding it guns and money. On that day, police accompanied by machete-wielding civilians attacked a soccer crowd of thousands, shooting or hacking to death at least six and as many as thirty spectators. Our tax dollars were at both ends of the killing. The soccer game was sponsored by a USAID program, to promote peace in the neighborhood. The U.S. also sponsors the killers, the Haitian National Police, by providing guns and weapons despite a consistent history of police killings over the last eighteen months. When the House of Representatives passed Rep. Barbara Lee's resolution to block arms transfers on June 28, the State Department responded by announcing on August 9 that it would send $1.9 million worth of guns and other equipment to the police, before the elections and presumably before the Senate could vote on the resolution.

There has been much discussion about whether Fanmi Lavalas, Haiti's largest and most popular party, will participate in the upcoming elections. The party's official position has been that the current high level of political repression makes fair elections impossible. Because the international community appears eager to place its seal of approval on elections in November, no matter how unfair, the party is faced with a dilemma. It can either risk legitimizing a patently unfair process by participating in it, or it can refuse to participate and let electees who do not represent the Haitian people run the country for the next 2-5 years. This is truly a choice of two evils, and the fact that the party chooses one over the other does not make either less evil.

As for what to do about this situation: passage of Rep. Lee's ban on arms transfers to the police as long as they continue persecuting is a good start. Congress should also inform the Interim Government that it will not accept the results of any elections that are not free and fair, nor will it provide continued financial support unless the persecution stops.

Rep. Waters' proposed amendment to H.R. 2601 provides good standards for evaluating conditions as the elections approach. It asks for, among other things, adequate security, disarmament of paramilitary groups, and trials or release for the political prisoners. I would also pay particular attention to the following issues:

  1. The Opportunity to Vote: Congress should continue to look at the number of polling places, and their distribution . You should also make sure that those who have registered actually receive their cards, especially in the poor urban and rural areas. No actual voting cards have been delivered yet, and when delivery begins, any problems with the delivery system may disproportionately affect the poor.

  2. Opportunities to Organize: Congress should look at both de jure and de facto attempts to limit the constitutionally-guaranteed right to assembly, starting with next Friday's demonstrations.

  3. Opportunities to Campaign: Congress should also continue to follow the cases of political prisoners, and insist that they be released from prison and allowed to register and campaign for office. You should also look out for intimidation of dissident politicians that falls short of actual imprisonment.

It is tempting, when confronted with the complexity of the challenges facing Haiti, to look for shortcuts- accepting expedients not recognized in the constitution or candidates who are only slightly unconstitutional, or having elections for the sake of getting them done. But Haiti's history shows that shortcuts are not the solution to the country's problems, but the cause. In 200 years of independence, nearly every conceivable alternative to constitutional democracy has been tried in Haiti: an empire, a kingdom, foreign occupations and foreign puppets, Presidents for Life, Interim Presidents, "governments of national unity," military dictatorships, paramilitary dictatorships. All have brought increasing misery to Haiti's people.

Haiti needs better things from America than guns, impatience and double standards. We can help our oldest neighbor with its complex challenges because we have overcome similar challenges ourselves throughout our history. Our Civil War is still the standard by which all political violence in the hemisphere falls short. I do not need to remind this audience that the struggle to extend equal voting, eating and transportation rights to all citizens was long, polarizing and sometimes violent. Our experience in grappling with these issues should provide valuable experience to share, but should also provide the humility to accept that Haiti's citizens may not always vote, and their representatives not always govern, exactly as we want them to.

Part 2: Brian Concannon responds to the disinformation provided by some of the other panelists

Brian Concannon:

As I've already said my initial piece I'd like to just touch on and amplify three points that have been raised by other panelists. I'd like to start by quibbling with Ambassador Granderson's comment that for too long the international community has closed its eyes to what is happening in Haiti. That's not completely true- most of the international community has closed its eyes and allowed the betrayal of its professed ideals, but CARICOM has not. CARICOM's eyes have been open and its lips have been open, and the organization has stood by its principles in ways that the rest of the international community has not. CARICOM, like the OAS, has democratic principles enshrined in its charter; unlike the OAS, CARICOM acknowledges that Haiti's unconstitutional unelected government falls short of those principles. I think it is high time for some of the more wealthy states in the international community to learn from CARICOM's example.

[The above paragraph was indended as a complement to panelist Ambassador COLIN GRANDERSON who is the Assistant Secretary General of CARICOM. Mr. Granderson's remarks will be published here on HaitiAction.net soon]

The second issue I'd like to talk about is dialogue. The need for dialogue in Haiti has been raised by several speakers in several different ways. My own experience living and working in Haiti for nine years from 1995 to 1994 leads me to agree. One of the saddest developments that I saw in that time was a breakdown in communication within the human rights movement. Human rights activists had political differences in 1995, 1996 and 1997, but because they shared a belief in human rights, people and organizations built bridges over their differences to work on common projects. That kind of collaboration steadily decreased over my time in Haiti, and by 2002 2003 people were not talking to each other. One of the things that happens when people stop talking is that they start shooting at each other, so it is absolutely essential to have dialogue.

We do need to be careful, however, not to allow dialogue to become a substitute for the enforcement of basic human and constitutional rights. Too often in Haiti dialogue has been used as a lever to force the renegotiation of electoral victories, or the abandonment of basic rights. The day after the election, the losers of the election say "OK, now we have to have a dialogue," That's wrong, they do not need dialogue, they need to respect the fact that they didn't win the elections. They have to accept the fact that they're going to have to play by the rules of the game, and they need to be held to the same standards as the opposition in the United States is held to. Now that they are out of power, they should organize for the next elections, not organize for the next coup d'etat.

You cannot force people to negotiate away their right to vote. You cannot force people to negotiate or to dialogue away their free speech rights. And any dialogue must be premised on the acceptance of the primacy of the ballot and the fact that voting is the appropriate mechanism for allocating power in a democratic society.

The third issue I'd like to address is the question of Lavalas participation in the elections. I think it would be a very good thing if we could get a bunch of moderate Republican senators together and have them choose the Republican slate for the 2006 legislative elections in the US. I could make a very strong argument that that procedure would promote the welfare of the American people, and that it would lead to the U.S. playing a more constructive role on the international scene. I am sure that many in the international community, including top world leaders, would prefer the moderate branch of the Republican party over the status quo.

But my rancher and logger neighbors in rural Oregon would not think that's a good idea. They would reply that the Republican party is not my party, it is not the party of world leaders. It is their party, and the party has rules to decide who is in charge of the party, and the U.S. has electoral rules and laws that allow only authorized party candidates onto the ballot as Republicans.

The Lavalas base and the Lavalas hierarchy is saying the same thing. Many former officials of the party have decided that they think that participating in the elections is the best way for Haiti to move forward, and they certainly have the right to do that. But neither they nor we have the right to impose that choice on the Lavalas movement or the people of Haiti without the consent of the official party structure and according to the laws of Haiti.

Brian Concannon Jr.Esq. is the Director of the Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti

(541) 432-0597
PO Box 745 Joseph, OR 97846

www.ijdh.org

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